Increase In Poor Attendance Education Essay

ICBT leads in presenting Edexcel HND ‘s. However, recent observations showed HND Business Management pupils showed an addition in hapless attendence & A ; promptness, failed in ontime bringing ensuing in late & A ; non bringing of assignments, & A ; the chief ground identified for the negative consequences were, pupils hapless clip direction accomplishments. This negatively effects cardinal stakeholders such as institute, pupils, parents & A ; talks, ensuing in inability of pupils to achive good classs, incresed emphasis & A ; old ages taken to finish the HND, reduced the pattern working on deadlines, makes ICBT unable to make its mission & A ; vision, impacts the bing positive image with Edexcel & A ; the market, fades parents ends & A ; hopes, increses force per unit area upon lectors & A ; leads to demotivation as consequences are non achived as expected from pupils. Importance of a solution was recognized, & A ; identified bettering pupils be aftering & A ; forming, prioritizing & A ; end puting accomplishments improves clip managemnet accomplishments. Bettering the sead accomplishments, increses pupils on clip entry rates, capableness to work on clip & A ; reduces emphasis, enable ICBT range its mission & A ; vision & A ; maintain good name with both Edexcel & A ; the market, cut down work burden force per unit area & A ; increses motive of lectors & A ; lead parents see their kids achiving success. Key Words – Students, Time direction accomplishmentsTable of ContentssTable of ContentssList of Tables & A ; FiguresList of tabular arraiesList of figuresList of AbbreviationsICBT – International College of Business & A ; engineering LtdIntroductionEstablished since twelvemonth 2000 ( ICBT, 2011 ) International College of Business & A ; Technology Ltd ( ICBT ) has become one of the most prima private sector higher instruction offering institute in Sri Lanka offering assortment of interantionally accepted survey classs. It was observed most pupils at ICBT surveies Edexcel HND ‘s, & A ; ICBT is most popular in presenting HND ‘s as ICBT was awarded by Edexcel International ( The Sunday Times, 1996 – 2011 ) as the taking centre for Edexcel HND ‘s in Sri Lanka However recent observation showed pupils analyzing Edexcel HND concern direction shows mean hapless attendence & A ; promptness, & A ; neglect to subject assignments on due day of the months ensuing in late entries & A ; non subjecting assignments. The chief ground identified for pupils inability to subject assignments on clip & A ; hapless promptness, was pupils hapless clip managemnt accomplishments. Symptoms identified through detecting pupils which led me to look into these job was pupils classs achived, on mean pupils hapless attendence, hapless promptness, pupils ailments on capable affairs, pupils non verbal looks such as demoing less involvement & A ; concentration towards lectures, drowsiness, negative attitude towards lectures, speaking with friends while talks are being conducted within the category room, etcaˆÂ ¦ The imporatance of placing & A ; happening a sollution to these job was recognized upon placing the negative effects it could hold upon all cardinal stakeholders involved such as pupils, parents, lectors & A ; the institute & A ; the benefits it could convey to the mentioned stakeholders as discussed below. Improved pupils clip mangemnt accomplishments, will increase pupils ability to subject assignemnts on clip, which could be a criteria taking to achive high classs, cut down both emphasis degrees & A ; enable pupils to finish the HND ‘s within the clip frame of 18 months, avoid extra payments required on on late extention & A ; remodules of assignments. Further more achiving high classs would increse pupils knowledge & amp ; accomplishments degrees, which would profit in deriving & A ; constructing nucleus competences neccessry when come ining the occupation market. Besides happening a sollution to better pupils clip mangement accomplishments, would increase pupils pattern & A ; ability to mange clip efficaciously, expeditiously under presure of work while in the university, which could be extremely belived would be utile in their calling life as clip mangemnt is considerd as a critical interpersonal accomplishment in todays concern universe. Further if schemes are non implimentd to better pupils clip mangemnt accomplishments it would do it impossible for ICBT to make its mission & A ; vission as identified in figure:2 in appendix, as ICBT ‘s mission of enahancing quality of human resources available to the market, would be negatively effected as pupils hapless classs, hapless clip direction accomplishments, hapless promptness, etcaˆÂ ¦ would non ensue in an increse of qulity human resource available to the occupation market in the hereafter, & A ; it would non enable ICBT to make its vision, since hapless public presentation of pupils would consequence ICBT ‘s repute & A ; acknowledgment in both the local & A ; international market negatively, impacting both international & A ; local market growing negatively. Besides if this consequences in an continuance, there is an high possibility that ICBT ‘s quality of instruction & A ; repute in the private higher instruction could be adversly effected, ens uing in ICBT ‘s repute recognized by Edexcel International as discussed above to detoriate. Students ability to mange clip effcetively is a critical factor that could consequence a kid ability to run into parents ends & A ; hopes, such as seing childeren go throughing tests with good classs on planned clip frame & A ; being extremely educated, holding a good calling & A ; a work life balance. Further good clip mangemnent accomplishments would ensue in non necessitating to pay any extra payments to the college on late entry or re-modules ensuing in less fiscal load upon parents. Addition in pupils clip mangement accomplishments would increase pupils ability to subject assignments on clip, & A ; this would enable the lectors to finish look intoing the whole batches assignments on a perticular twenty-four hours, without the demand of transporting frontward any due cheques, seting extra presure & A ; burden upon them. Further effectual clip mangemnt plays a major function upon pupils ability to achive a Distinction standard & A ; other good classs, which could be a motivative factor for lectors & A ; act as cogent evidence of lectors high public presentation. As job was identified ICBT City campus Edexcel HND concern direction pupils, country of influence or the range of the survey was identified as the aggregation of all the current registerd Edexcel HND Business Managemnt pupils at ICBT City campus. As identified & amp ; discusssed above how pupils hapless clip managemnt accomplishments effects pupils & A ; other nucleus stakeholders such as parents, lectors, & A ; the institute, the importance of happening a sollution for these job was highlighted & amp ; by doong so it would non merely fullfil the cognition spread, but besides bring monolithic benefits to all the cardinal satkeholders as discussed below.Research ProblemWhy ICBT City campus Edexcel HND Business Managemnt pupils are inefficient in their clip mangemnt?Research QuestionsWhat is clip managemnt? What is efficiency & A ; effectiveness? What is effetive clip managemnt? What are the factors act uponing effectual clip managemnt of pupils?Research AimsTo place what is clip managemnt To place what is effciency & A ; effectiveness and why it is of import to pupils To place what is effectual clip managemnt To place factors set uping effectual clip managemnt of pupilsLiterature ReviewTime direction involves equilibrating all the activities in which a individual participates within the confines of the hebdomad ( Canyons, 2001-2012 ) . Efficiency & A ; effectiveness plays a critical function towards finding an persons ability to equilibrate & amp ; pull off all activities of a perticular clip period. Efficiency is where clip or attempt is good used for a planned undertaking & A ; efectiveness is making the right thing. Therefore effectual clip direction could be considerd as an persons ability to guarantee right things are done at the right clip, while guaranting clip & A ; attempt is good used for the planned undertaking. However factors set uping clip managemnt accomplishments of an person is discussed below. A survey done to happen the relatinship between, hold & A ; the deficiency of ability to put day-to-day modus operandis associated to academic activities ( Dietz, Hofer & A ; French friess, 2007 ) suggested that pupils be aftering is of import to forestall holds in academic work, while Drucker in 1967 recognized that planning activities & A ; undertaking does non ever guarantee completion of planned work, specially when clip presure is high. However a survey done by Gerhard in twelvemonth 2007, showed that pupil planning is merely one factor among several other factors that could consequence clip mangement, through consequences observed by both pre & A ; post preparation accomplishments observed, which focused on four criterias such as self assesment, end scene, clip mangement & A ; self ordinance, which was capable to demo a major addition or betterment in between pupils pre & amp ; station ego managemnt accomplishments. Harmonizing to Sandberg in twelvemonth 2001, stated that effectual use of clip would assist to achive ends as planned, & A ; it is the art of arrangement, organizing, programming, & A ; budgeting 1s clip for the intent is the factors that influence effectual work & A ; productiveness. Obi in twelvemonth 2003 stated that clip mangemnt involves accurately identifying undertakings to be performed, be aftering & A ; programming of activities, prioritisng activities in order, & A ; apportioning clip to tasks harmonizing to the grade of imporatane that enhances productiveness. Olaniyi in 1998 & A ; Akomolafe in 2005 argued that, there is nil to mange in clip as clip is beyond human control, & A ; what persons are capable to make is to make up one's mind what to make with the available clip & A ; how good to form activities within the available clip frame. Adedeji in twelvemonth 1998 besides came up with a strong & A ; similar statement that supports, Olaniyi ‘s & A ; Akomolafe ‘s findings, where he sead clip is an panics resource & amp ; use of clip could be achived by making the right thing at the right clip. A survey done among university pupils in the United provinces ( Macan, et Al, 1990 ) identified a four factor theoretical account which effects pupils clip managemnt accomplishments & A ; they were puting ends and precedences, planning and programming, perceived control over clip, and penchant for disorganization. Out of the four factors perceived control over clip had shown the strongest part to pupils academic and emotional accommodation. Further Macan ‘s designation that end scene could infleunce clip managemnt was besides surported by Richards in 1987 where Richards ‘s concluded that puting life ends & A ; maintaining clip logs were of import techniques for effectual clip managemnt. McCay in 1959 developed a construct for clip direction preparation programme, where the critical elements highlighted in it were, giving penetration into clip devouring activities, altering clip outgo, & A ; increasing work twenty-four hours efficiency by learning people how to do day-to-day planning, how to prioritize undertaking & A ; how to manage unexpected undertakings. A survey done by Britton & A ; Tesser in 1991, had identified that 67 % of undergraduate pupils find clip managemnt as the most hard undertaking to pull off & amp ; 36 % varience among the classs werte due to clip mangemnt accomplishments. This farther high spots & A ; proves the importance of happening why and how clip mangemnt accomplishments could be improved among ICBT City campus HND Business managemnt pupils. Figure: Conceptual Model Planing & A ; forming accomplishments Time direction Prioritizing accomplishments Gaol puting accomplishments Alternate Hypothesis identified Students planning, forming & A ; prioritizing & A ; end puting accomplishments effects clip direction Planing & A ; forming accomplishments is â€Å" the ability to pull off self and/or others, and resources including clip and environing fortunes to make a specific end † ( University of Strathclyde Glasgow, n.d ) Prioritizing accomplishments is the ability to â€Å" specify, rank, and assign degrees of importance to undertakings, activities, and/or issues and cover with affairs of higher importance foremost. Make a list of points in order in which they need to be completed or delegated. Align forces and other resources harmonizing to precedence while keeping organisational mission, vision, and aims. Determine affairs of urgency and manage consequently † ( Selection standards illustrations, 2012 ) Goal scene is the ability of an person to â€Å" set uping specific, mensurable and clip targeted aims † ( Objectiveli, 2012 ) Time direction is â€Å" a set of rules, patterns, accomplishments, tools, and systems working together to assist you acquire more value out of your clip with the purpose of bettering the quality of your life † ( Time ideas, 2004 – 2011 ) , & A ; clip direction accomplishment of an single depends upon the persons be aftering & A ; forming, prioritizing & A ; end puting accomplishments.MethodologyThe sampling frame would be derived from the current ICBT metropolis campus HND Business direction pupil ‘s registries, available from the programme organizing office, which would give a complete list of all pupils registered for the class under each batch. Out of the sampling frame, a pupil sample would be obtained in order to carry on the research. However, HND Business direction batch 38 & A ; 46 would be excluded from, the study as batch 38 has already completed the HND & A ; merely expecting for the finalised consequences & A ; batch 46 would be excluded, as the batch is the freshest HND Business direction batch, which has started on the 2nd hebdomad of September 2012, & A ; would non enable to derive needed information. In order to avoid the sampling mistake survey would be done to place the most suited trying method to be adopted & amp ; a larger sample size would be considered in the study, than the sample size demand calculated through the sample size reckoner. Table: Operational Model Standards to be measured Measurement unit Planing & A ; forming accomplishments Ability to gauge clip & A ; attempt required to finish a undertaking Ability to form systems & A ; required resources Organize personal clip to transport out duties Maintain satisfactory readying clip for scheduled deadlines Capability to develop agendas & A ; timetables with clear mileposts & A ; deadlines Ability to mensurate consequences & A ; mileposts for ego ( University of Strathclyde Glasgow, n.d ) Prioritizing accomplishments Ability to place critical undertaking & A ; arrange undertakings in logical order Establish precedences consistently & A ; differentiate between pressing, of import & A ; unimportant undertakings Ability to supervise or set precedences on a day-to-day footing Use a â€Å" to make † list, undertaking program, or similar planning devices to observe action programs, deadlines, etc. ( University of Strathclyde Glasgow, n.d ) Standards to be measured Measurement unit Goal puting accomplishments Ability to put SMART aims ( Top accomplishment, n.d ) Time direction accomplishments Students attending On clip bringing, late entries & A ; non submitted rates of assignments To mensurate the relationship of the conceptual theoretical account identified in figure: 1 an operational theoretical account had been created in tabular array: 1 above. Harmonizing to the conceptual theoretical account forming, be aftering & A ; prioritizing & A ; end scene accomplishments are considered as independent variables, & A ; clip direction accomplishments is considered as a dependant variable. Table: Logical nexus created to turn out the truth of mensurating units used in the operational theoretical accountStandards to be measuredMeasurement unitLogical nexus to turn out truth of mensurating unitPlaning & A ; forming accomplishments Ability to gauge clip & A ; attempt required to finish a undertaking Ability to gauge the clip & A ; attempt required to finish peculiar undertaking, would enable a pupil to be after in progress on future undertakings & A ; aid to place how much leftover clip is available towards accomplishing other undertakings Ability to form systems & A ; required resources Ability to form systems & A ; resources required to carry through an undertaking in progress, would assist pupils to to the full use its detached clip towards accomplishing the undertaking, without the demand to utilize that clip in happening needed resources & A ; systems which would salvage clip Organize personal clip to transport out duties If pupils have the ability to form clip to transport out personal duties in their lives, the detached clip could be to the full utilized in run intoing personal duties, where this would assist to avoid personal duties disrupting at times pupils are engaged in academic work. Maintain satisfactory readying clip for scheduled deadlines Student ‘s ability to keep satisfactory readying clip for scheduled deadlines would assist to avoid emphasis degrees of pupils, an addition their ability to carry through their ends as planned.Standards to be measuredMeasurement unitLogical nexus to turn out truth of mensurating unitPlaning & A ; forming accomplishments Capability to develop agendas & A ; timetables with clear mileposts & A ; deadlines Ability to put clear mileposts & A ; deadlines with the usage of clear agendas & A ; clip tabular arraies, would take to student motive & A ; besides highlight the marks pupils have to accomplish at each given clip or day of the month & A ; thereby enable to be after & amp ; form undertakings Ability to mensurate consequences & A ; mileposts for ego Ability to mensurate consequences & A ; mileposts for ego, would give an pupils a clear personal thought on where accommodations needs to be made & amp ; thereby assist to be after & amp ; form undertakings more accurately in the hereafter Prioritizing accomplishments Ability to place critical undertaking & A ; arrange undertakings in logical order Students ability to place critical undertakings would enable pupils to give more precedence towards accomplishing them, among other less of import undertakings Establish precedences consistently & A ; differentiate between pressing, of import & A ; unimportant undertakings Ability to precedences consistently & A ; differentiate between pressing, of import & A ; unimportant undertakings, would enable a pupil to give more precedence consequently to pressing, of import & A ; unimportant undertakings. Ability to supervise or set precedences on a day-to-day footing In general there is high possibility that sudden unexpected undertakings may originate than expected, or an unmet undertaking as planned, may be hold to shift into day-to-day undertakings. At a given state of affairs, pupil ‘s ability to accurately supervise & amp ; readapt the set programs consequently would enable to reprioritise undertakings consequently. Goal puting accomplishments Ability to put SMART aims Ability to put SMART aims would enable pupil to avoid underestimate or overestimate of work & A ; capablenesssStandards to be measuredMeasurement unitLogical nexus to turn out truth of mensurating unitAttendance Students attending records Students attending records would supply an clear apprehension on pupils promptness & A ; attending, which could be count towards clip direction accomplishments Assignment entry rates On clip bringing, late entries & A ; remoulded rates Students on clip bringing, late entries & A ; remoulded rates of assignments, would put a clear standard towards measuring clip direction accomplishments, as ability to subject assignments on clip largely depends on pupils ability to pull off clip efficaciously Students planning, forming prioritizing & A ; end scene accomplishments would be measured utilizing pre-determined questionnaire used by researches that have been capable of mensurating pupils be aftering, forming prioritizing & A ; gaol puting accomplishments. The consequences obtained utilizing the questionnaire would be compared against pupils late & A ; on clip assignment entry rates, re-module rates & A ; attending in finding if, HND Business direction pupils planning, forming & A ; prioritizing & A ; goal-setting accomplishments has an consequence upon clip direction accomplishments.Datas aggregation programNote – Questionnaire attached in the appendix Table: Data aggregation program of the studyData / Information requiredPrimary / Secondary informationsBeginning of informationsSampling frame Secondary informations Datas obtained through the programme officeof ICBT metropolis campusData / Information requiredPrimary / Secondary informationsBeginning of informationsOn clip assignment, late entry & A ; re-module rate of assignment entry of pupils Primary informations Inquirers distributed among the sample pupils Student attending Primary informations Inquirers distributed among the sample pupils Students be aftering & A ; forming, prioritizing & A ; Goal puting accomplishments Planing & A ; forming accomplishments Primary informations Inquirers distributed among the sample pupils Prioritizing accomplishments Primary informations Inquirers distributed among the sample pupils Goal puting accomplishments Primary informations Inquirers distributed among the sample pupilsSampling methods to be adoptedSimple random trying All pupils considered under the population will be listed in Excel package harmonizing to batch wise, in order to the pupil registry, & A ; a sample of pupils would be selected utilizing the, random expression provided in Excel in order to carry on the study. Simple random trying would avoid biasness in choice of pupils for the sample, enabling every pupil considered under the population to hold an equal opportunity of being selected for the study & A ; would thereby be capable to stand for the whole population. Difficulties & A ; restrictions faced in utilizing Simple random trying Although the list of pupils names are readily available at the programme coordinating section deriving entree to the list may be disputing as it may necessitate permission from a authorized personal, as the list of pupils names may be protected under certain privateness policies Efficiency of the programme coordinating section squad influence the ability to derive information on pupils names list, which may act upon the clip required to finish the research positively or negatively The list of pupil ‘s names provided by the programme office may non be readily available upon one individual papers, & A ; therefore it may be hard & A ; clip devouring to convey all information together into one individual papers or worksheet to make a concluding list from where a sample could be created. There may be a possibility that all pupils chosen to stand for the sample may hold planning, forming, prioritizing & A ; end puting accomplishments, or all the pupils chosen to stand for the sample may non hold planning, forming, prioritizing & A ; end puting accomplishments, which may make an inability in comparing the consequences of both sorts of pupils, & A ; arrive at a valid decision.Undertaking program ( Gantt chart ) of the researchActivity completed – Activity non completed – Ten Table: Undertaking program for carry oning researchUndertakingStart day of the monthFinish day of the monthLengthTask dependant onAdvancement( Activity completed/ non completed )Comments & A ; rescheduled day of the month if undertaking non accomplished as planned1 Research proposal 10/09/2012 20/09/2012 1 hebdomad 4 yearss Was able to finish undertaking before the planned day of the month 2 Fix the questionnaire 13/09/2012 16/09/2012 4 yearss Was possible to fix the questionnaire by 15/09/2012 3 Get the pupil names list required from the programme office 24/09/2012 27/09/2012 4 yearss Was able to obtain the names list on 13/09/2012 before the planned day of the month of 27/09/2012 4 List the pupil population in Excel sheet & A ; use simple random trying to choose the sample pupils 27/09/2012 30/09/2012 4 yearss 3UndertakingStart day of the monthFinish day of the monthLengthTask dependant onAdvancement( Activity completed/ non completed )Comments & A ; rescheduled day of the month if undertaking non accomplished as planned5 Distribute questionnaire & A ; acquire the feedback from all selected sample pupils 01/10/2012 20/10/2012 20 yearss 2 & A ; 4 6 Start redaction, coding, informations entry, & A ; informations analysis of informations obtained through thequestionnaire 21/10/2012 05/11/2012 15 yearss 5 7 Final research undertaking 06/11/2012 30/11/2012 25 yearss 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6DecisionICBT good renowned private higher instruction supplier, has been recognized as the taking centre for supplying Edexcel HND ‘s in Sri Lanka ( The Sunday Times, 1996 – 2011 ) . However, it observed pupil ‘s analyzing HND Business direction has shown an addition in hapless attending & A ; promptness, & A ; neglect to subject assignments on due day of the months, act uponing all cardinal stakeholders such as pupils, lectors, institute & A ; the parents negatively. The ground identified for hapless attending & A ; promptness, & A ; failure to subject assignments on due day of the months was pupils hapless clip direction accomplishments & A ; therefore imporatance of placing & A ; happening a sollution to these job was recognized. Through a elaborate literature, conceptual theoretical account was derived which displayed be aftering & A ; forming accomplishments, prioritizing accomplishments & A ; end puting accomplishments influence pupils clip managemnet accomplishments, & A ; therefore the alternate hypothesis developed was, Students planning, forming & A ; prioritizing & A ; end puting accomplishments effects clip direction. Planing & A ; forming, prioritizing & A ; end puting accomplishments was identified as indipendent variable, where it could act upon the dependant variable which is clip managemnt accomplishments. The operational theoretical account identified in tabular array: 1 lists the measurings that could be used in mesuring all the dependant & A ; indipendent variables. In order to to happen how ICBT HND Businesss Managemnt pupils be aftering & A ; forming, prioritizing & A ; end puting accomplishments effects clip managemnt, the sampling frame was identified as all the current pupils analyzing HND Business managemnt at ICBT City campus. However batch 38 & A ; 46 would be excluded from the study as batch 38 has already completed the HND & A ; batch 46 would be excluded, as the batch is the freshest HND Business direction batch, & A ; would non enable to derive needed information. Datas aggregation program in table: 3 shows the information required & A ; the beginnings of informations aggregation in garnering the required inside informations. Simple random sampling was identified as the suited sampling method to deduce the sample to carry on the study, & A ; in order to understate the sampling mistake a larger sample size would be considered in the study, than the sample size demand calculated through the sample size reckoner. Troubles in following simple random trying method are listed in page 13. Table: 4 shows the undertaking program developed to carry on the research.MentionsAdedeji, S, O, ( 1998 ) The relationship between resource use & A ; academic public presentations in vocational instruction in Osun State secondary schools An unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Ibadan, Nigeria Akomolfe, C, O, ( 2005 ) ‘Principals ‘ clip direction abilities in secondary schools in Nigeria ‘ Nigerian Journal of Educational Administration and Planning, vol.5, no. 1, pg. nos. 58 – 67 Britton, B. K. , & A ; Tesser, A. ( 1991 ) Effects of clip direction patterns of college classs Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 83, pg. nos 405-410 Canyons ( 2001-2012 ) ‘What is clip direction ‘ Time Management [ WWW ] Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.canyons.edu/committees/LEAP/Team1/15tips/tip4.asp [ Accessed on: 10/09/2012 ] Dietz, F, Hofer, M & A ; French friess, S ( 2007 ) ‘Individuals values, larning modus operandis & A ; academic cunctation ‘ British Journal of Educational Psychology vol.77, no. 4, pg. nos. 893 – 906 Drucker, P, F, ( 1967 ) The Effective Executive Harper & A ; Row, New York, NY Gerhardt, M, ( 2007 ) ‘Teaching self-management: The design and execution of self-management tutorials ‘ Journal of Education for Business vol. 83, no. 1, pg. nos. 11 – 18 ICBT ( 2011 ) ‘Our Vision & A ; Mission ‘ About United statess: Vision & A ; Mission [ WWW ] Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.icbt.lk/visionHYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //www.icbt.lk/vision & A ; mission.html † & amp ; HYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //www.icbt.lk/vision & A ; mission.html † mission.html [ Accessed on: 10/09/2012 ] ICBT ( 2011 ) ‘Welcome to International College of Business & A ; Technology Ltd ‘ About us: About ICBT [ WWW ] Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.icbt.lk/aboutus.html [ Accessed on: 10/09/2012 ] Macan, T. M. , Shahani, C. , Dipboye, R. L. , & A ; Phillips, A. P. ( 1990 ) College pupils clip direction: Correlations with academic public presentation and stress Journal of Educational Psychology vol. 82, pg. nos760-768 McCay, J, ( 1959 ) The direction of clip Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ Mind Tools ( 1996 – 2012 ) ‘How Good is Your Time Management? ‘ Home: Time direction: Time direction quiz [ WWW ] Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newHTE_88.htm [ Accessed on: 15/09/2012 ] Obi, E, ( 2003 ) Educational planning in modern-day Computer Edge Publishers, Nigeria Enugu Objectiveli ( 2012 ) ‘Why Goals are Key for Project Management ‘ [ WWW ] Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //objectiveli.com/blog/why-goals-are-key-for-project-management/ [ Accessed on: 12/09/2012 ] Olaniyi, W, O, ( 1998 ) Conceptual attack to educational disposal Patrick Ade Printing Press, Ondo Richards, J, H, ( 1987 ) Time direction a reappraisal Work & A ; Stress, vol. 1 Pg. nos. 73 – 78 Sandberg, J, ( 2001 ) ‘Understanding competency at work ‘ Harvard Business Review, vol.79 no.3, pg. nos. 24 – 28 Choice standards illustrations ( 2012 ) ‘Prioritising Skills ‘ [ WWW ] Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //selection-criteria-examples.com/selection-criteria-prioritising-skills/ [ Accessed on: 12/09/2012 ] The Sunday Times ( 2011 ) ‘ICBT Campus, awarded as the Leading centre for Edexcel HNDs in Sri Lanka ‘ Education [ Online Newspaper ] Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //sundaytimes.lk/110918/Education/ed024.html [ Accessed on: 10/09/2012 ] Time Thoughts ( 2004 – 2011 ) ‘What Exactly Is Time Management? ‘ Home: Time direction [ WWW ] Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.timethoughts.com/time-management.htm [ Accessed on: 12/09/2012 ] Top Achievement ( n.d ) ‘Creating S.M.A.R.T. Goals ‘ [ WWW ] Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //topachievement.com/smart.html [ Accessed on: 12/09/2012 ] Top Achievers ( 2010 ) ‘Time Management Questionnaire ‘ [ Online Downloaded PDF ] Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.topachievers.co.uk/downloads/time-management-questionnaire.pdf [ Downloaded on: 15/09/2012 ] University of Strathclyde Glasgow ( n.d ) ‘Planning & A ; Organising Skills ‘ [ WWW ] Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.strath.ac.uk/careers/sHYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //www.strath.ac.uk/careers/skills/generalskills/planningorganisingskills/ † kills/generalskills/planningorganisingskills/ [ Accessed on: 12/09/2012 ]

Intelligence and the Concept of G Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Intelligence and the Concept of G - Essay Example On his road to achieve this Spearman developed Factor Analysis a statistical analysis method to determine if there were correlations between independent factors. In 1904, Spearman published "General Intelligence, Objectively Measured and Observed" in which the first scientific definition of intelligence was put forth. According to Spearman, intelligent behaviour is generated by a single, unitary quality within the human mind or brain. Spearman derived this theoretical entity, called the general factor, or simply g, through a new statistical technique that analyzed the correlations among a set of variables. This technique, called factor analysis, demonstrated that scores on all mental tests are positively correlated; this offered compelling evidence that all intelligent behaviour is derived from one metaphorical pool of mental energy" ("Charles" 2007, 1). In short, Spearman's Theory of General Intelligence states "all variation in intelligence test scores can be explained by two factors. The first is the factor specific to an individual mental task: the individual abilities that would make a person more skilled at one cognitive task than another. The second is g, a general factor that governs performance on all cognitive tasks" (History 2007, 1). Researchers have long agreed that there is a wide range of ability in basic cognitive skills such as logical reasoning, spatial analogies, completion of matrices, vocabulary and other mental tests among different people. The same people tend to do better on these tests across the entire range of tests than do other people. Further, by use of statistical analysis of this raw data, researcher have isolated the cause for the differences in people's mental reasoning abilities to one factor credited for this consistent accelerated performance - that one factor is 'g'. G acts like a correlation coefficient with a value of .65 (Flynn 2003). Jensen (2002) reported that individuals with higher levels of g, in effect, have better brains. People with these higher levels of g tend to prefer more complex cognitive tasks resulting in high g loading. To explain this Jensen (2002, 153) states: "some property of the brain has cognitive manifestations that result in the emergence of g." In effect, Jensen (2002) asserts that g is a measure of the influence on brain quality. The higher the g; the 'better' the brain; this result equates to an advantage in any cognitive skill utilized. Johnson et al. (2004) conducted a study to determine whether g, in actuality, predicts a wide range of cognitive performances. The researchers predicted that Spearman's g would have a strong correlation on a diverse set of abilities. The empirical evidence proving the existence of g is well documented. However, there remains some controversy in that "the social implications of the existence of measurable individual differences in a personal characteristic that is highly predictive of a broad range of life outcomes" (Johnson et al. 2004, 96). The researchers assert that regardless of the battery of tests utilized to measure g, the results should be uniform across various test batteries. If, in fact, g varies across these different kinds of test

Did the 2012 London Olympics and Paralympics set new standards for CSR Essay

Did the 2012 London Olympics and Paralympics set new standards for CSR - Essay Example The Olympic movement is more than a sport† (Babiak and Wolfe 2006, p.216). Olympics has a colossal history of antiquity, that dates back to ancient times. It had evolved for the betterment of mankind. The recent summer Olympics and Paralympics were held at London in 2012. Instead of throwing light upon the overview of this event, we widen our gaze and look into the political, economical and social features associated with it, thus leading to application of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) during the Olympics. The breadth of our study is not going to cease here, as it will broaden and culminate with a deeper understanding of CSR involved in London 2012 Olympics. In this content, let us analyze, whether or not, 2012 London Olympics and Paralympics paved a way to set new standards for CSR and to up to what extent. What is CSR? CSR is a corporate social responsibility in a three dimensional way, consisting of social, economic and environmental elements. There is no universal d efinition for CSR, as it depends upon various factors that vary from country to country. It can be defined as the ethical business practice, which is in conformity with law and also, with the needs of people and environment. Social responsibility in business has been considered since the beginning of business concepts. CSR is always associated with the word sustainability, but both are different. â€Å"Sustainability is part  of a good CSR plan, however, when you strive to be sustainable, it is not only in the environmental sense of word, but in a much more holistic way† (Pilarinos 2012).  CSR is an inevitable priority for long standing as well as emerging business organizations as they have to take care of crucial â€Å"Three Ps† namely people, profits and planet. It also becomes part of an organization’s marketing strategy. â€Å"93% of consumers globally expect firms to display. CSR is going beyond the minimum standards required by law to operate respons ibly by changing the business practices and lending support to address social and environmental issues.† (Mermod and Idowu 2013, p.3-4). But where does sports events like Olympics connects with CSR. In order to conduct massive events like Olympics, a private sponsor becomes an indispensable need. Here corporations come to play getting into the lime light, thus they can build local partnerships and create brand awareness. Sports and CSR Sports have power to unite the world and it can instill optimism, promoting healthy lifestyle and a sense of feeling contented. CSR plans are used by companies to sell their brand value. Almost every company could have CSR plans, as part of their strategies in its external environment. (Paetzold 2010). Sports and business corporations when working as a single unit can provide a strong impetus for positive changes in economic, social and environmental areas. CSR and sports organizations can work hand in hand, complementing each other. Business or ganizations have found that they can promote their product and services by exposing those things as well as the organizations’ logos through advertising boards, pamphlets and importantly by organizing events associated with sports. (Stoldt, Dittmore and Branvold 2011). CSR and London Olympics The remarkable thing to note in London Olympics is their commitment to being environmental friendly. This was achieved with the cooperation of corporations. â€Å"The most recent London Olympic games in 2012 was the first Olympic games to measure its carbon footprint over the

Lap Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lap - Lab Report Example Turbidity, temperature, pH level, oxygen concentration, hardness, and concentration of elements like aluminum, nitrogen ions, phosphate ions, and ammonia molecules are examples of determinants of water quality (Miller and Spoolman, p. 532). Water sample was collected on Cherry Creek using a wide mouthed jar and the jar rinsed three times. The jar was then held from its base, immersed in water and then turned into the water current. Water was allowed to flow into the container for 30 seconds and filled up to the turbidity line. Turbidity chart was then held against the container and comparisons made to determine the water sample’s turbidity level that was recorded. Tests were then conducted for alkalinity level, pH dissolved oxygen, hardness, temperature, and nitrate and phosphate levels. Results were recorded for each measurement. The water sample reported a turbidity level of 20 jhu units, a value that is far beyond the recommended level of less than 1 jhu. The concentration of dissolved oxygen that was reported at 5 ppm is consistent with the recommended level of between 4 and 5 ppm. The alkalinity evel of the water sample was recorded at 400 ppm, far above the minimum recommended value of 30 while temperature was recorded at 160 c, a comparatively lower value than the recommended 250 c. The hardness measure also superseded the recommended minimum value of 60 ppm while the reported pH level was within the recommended range of between 5 and 9 units. Nitrogen, phosphate and ammonia levels were reported at 3, 2, and 0 units, values that are within the recommended levels of 3, 2.25, and 1.5 units respectively (Twort, Ratnayaka and Brandt 222- 225). The sample’s low temperature was lower than the recommended levels for water quality. Its biological properties, as reported through turbidity level, also identify excess pollutants and hence poor quality. The chemical properties in alkalinity level, pH level, and

Legal environment of business W 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legal environment of business W 1 - Essay Example According to Swendiman (2012), the health care reform is one of such interventions that came at the national level that has really been instrumental in addressing most of the concerns of citizens on health in areas such as coverage, accessibility, cost, accountability and quality of health care. The debate however continues as to the inadequacy of this provision, giving rise to suggestions for a U.S. constitutional right to have access to all forms of healthcare. There may be several arguments against this position but the argument for having a U.S. constitutional right to have access to all forms f healthcare is greatly supported in this instance. Firstly, it would be noted that as part of the explicit rights spelt out in the constitution, there is no direct mention of the word â€Å"health† or â€Å"medical care† as noted by Swendimen (2012). However, Public Health America (2013) debates that the constitution is more of an implied document rather than a contextual one. By implication, aspects of the constitution may be debated in accordance with others. For example, to ensure the human rights to life, one could imply that a person ought to have all conditions that make the provision of factors that protect life available. Meanwhile, the health of a person is an important determinant that cannot be overlooked when mention is made of protection of life. From this perspective, it would be argued that have a U.S. constitutional r ight to have access to all forms of healthcare would help in realizing the implied constitutional provision on right to life. Again, Stuart and Showalter (2011) noted that even though the healthcare reform has solved most of the health needs of citizens, studies from different sources actually indicate that people continue to have limitations to excellent healthcare because of the numerous limitations with access to certain forms of healthcare. This means

Find Me product Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Find Me product - Assignment Example Here you can spend a lot of energy on the nerves of the fact that you have spent a lot of time searching and have not found yet. So, you want quickly and without stress to find lost things. So you want quickly and without straining to find lost things. Perfect for you would be a situation where at any given time you can find out the location of valuable things for you. And it would be good to use for this purpose a minimum of resources. Probably, your life would be easier if these wishes were carried out. Time and nerves you spend to search for another loss would not be stolen from your urgent sessions. In the morning you can without unnecessary upheaval for you to find everything you need (even socks), to have a quiet breakfast and go to work. If your pet has run away again somewhere in an unknown direction, you would not have to anxiously look for it at the vicinity of your home. And the solution that will facilitate your life really does exist. Based on GPS technology, there was developed a new device Find Me. Attach it to the important things for you, always be able to keep track of its location. The design of the device is primarily aimed at convenience and safety when using it. It easily attaches securely to any surface and can be easily removed. Because of its tiny and minimalist appearance it will not hinder you to use those things to which it is attached. After a phone call we can get distracted and forget where we put the phone. And when we need it again, we wonder where it could be put. Great, when we have the opportunity to call our phone to find the loss by the ring sound. But if our phone on silent or if the battery is low, we do not find the phone by the sound. In this case, we can come to the aid of Find Me. Location phone attached thereto Find Me can be found by any of the device with a built-in

Impact of Privatisation on the Sustainability of Water in the United Essay

Impact of Privatisation on the Sustainability of Water in the United Arab Emirates - Essay Example Marketing originates with the recognition of a need on the part of a consumer and terminates with the satisfaction of that need by the delivery of a usable product at the right time, at the right place and at an acceptable price. Marketing is a key function of management. It brings success to business organization. A business organization performs two key functions producing goods and services and making them available to potential customers for use. An organization business success largely depends on how efficiently the products and services are delivered to customers and how differently do the customers perceive the difference in delivery in comparison to the competitors. This is true of all firms – from large business enterprises to small firms, from multinationals operating in different countries to small firms operating in small markets. Marketing is a complex system of application as it involves of knowing the customers needs and wants. Customers’ perceptions chan ge individually and one firm cannot satisfy customers needs, but it can strive to reach the standards. To know the customer expectations market research and analysis is required. The market research involves estimating the viability of the product launch in the region, the expectations of the customers from the product the approximate number of takers for the particular product. the number of existing competitors, life of the product. To arrive to a decision a lot has to be spent to do the market research without expecting any profit of this act. ... a. Desalination equipment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 b. Gas and Steam Turbine Plants 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c. Water Supply Distribution 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 d. Irrigation Equipment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 e. sub-station monitoring 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5. Does the company regularly conduct research/case studies 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6. How do you rate the potability of water supplied to our homes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7. How is the water supply in: a. Fujairah 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 b. Dubai 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c. Abu Dhabi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8. Which sector can provide a higher volume of water supply a. Private 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 b. semi-private 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c. government 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 9. A private firm should be subjected to directives of a public agency 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10. Can your company provide enough volume of water supply to its consumers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11. Can your company with its present technology and machinery meet the growing demands of Population.. 10 years from now 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 years from now 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12. Which emirate has the highest volume of water demands a. Fujairah 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 b. Dubai 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c. Abu Dhabi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B. COST EFFECTIVITY 1. With regards to the cost of services, which sector has the highest charge Private 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Semi-Private 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Government 1 2 3